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41.
Abstract Two experiments were carried out to assess the short-term impacts to juvenile school prawns, Metapenaeus macleayi (Haswell) discarded from commercial seining and trawling in New South Wales, Australia, and the potential utility of modifications to operational and/or onboard handling practices designed to improve survival. For both gears, discards were handled according to two general categories of treatment (termed mild and extreme) chosen to represent the plausible limits of severity during existing commercial operations. A total of 600 trawled and 480 seined school prawns (from both treatments), along with appropriate numbers of controls (previously collected and housed in acclimation tanks), were placed into cages (in groups of 10). Subsets of each of these groups were then destructively sampled over periods of up to 5 days and examined for their mortality and physiological response (measured as levels of l -lactate in the haemolymph). In both experiments, the temporal mortalities in the treatment groups ranged between 0% and 15% and, for the most part, were not significantly different to controls. Prawns in the treatment groups had similar, significantly elevated levels of l -lactate approximately 40 min after being caught, but these returned to levels approaching baseline estimates within 48 h. Under the conditions examined, juvenile school prawns appear capable of withstanding a range of stressors associated with being discarded from active gears, and their fate is not greatly influenced by the duration of gear deployment and subsequent air exposure. However, further work is required to quantify other sources of unaccounted fishing mortality and, ultimately, the impacts that discarding has on stocks. 相似文献
42.
Trawling for cephalopods off the Portuguese coast—Fleet dynamics and landings composition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tereza Fonseca Aida Campos Manuel Afonso-Dias Paulo Fonseca Joo Pereira 《Fisheries Research》2008,92(2-3):180-188
Fleet dynamics was addressed for three cephalopod taxa of commercial interest, the squid Loligo vulgaris, the octopuses Octopus vulgaris and Eledone cirrhosa, and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, for 48 trawlers of the fish trawling fleet. Landing profiles (LP) were identified based on the species composition of the landings using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four out of a total of 12 different LP were related to cephalopods and other species associated with them.The effects on the landing proportions of a number of variables, year, season and vessel, are analysed for each of the species studied using generalized linear models (GLM). The factor “vessel”, including an ensemble of technical characteristics as well as the abilities of individual skippers, explained most of the model deviance, strongly reinforcing the existence of a fleet component dedicated to catch cephalopods. However, time also explains much of the variation found in the data.Seasonal alternation between landings of octopodidae and cuttlefish was observed within a small group of old trawlers operating mainly off the south coast, following the abundance cycles of these species. For a larger group of more modern trawlers, operating off the western coast, inter-annual shift between octopus and squid was found, together with a well marked seasonal pattern between the catches of cephalopods and horse mackerel.Spatial patterns of activity were identified using vessel monitoring system (VMS) data available for trawlers in Portugal, demonstrating the existence of cephalopod targeting strategies in Portuguese fish trawling activities. 相似文献
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根据非线性理论,假定脱层为贯穿梁幅的一维脱层,且脱层位置任意,建立了轴向压力作用下含脱层的正交各向异性梁-板的非线性控制方程,对结构进行了分区处理,通过使控制方程适当线性化,利用脱层前缘的连续性条件、平衡条件及相容条件,导出了夹支边界情况下的具脱层的正交各向异性梁-板关于屈曲荷载的无量纲化的特征方程,确定了临界压力荷载,并讨论了脱层尺寸及位置对临界荷载的影响。 相似文献
45.
NBL1010型电子加速器的辐照应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文系统介绍NBL 1 0 1 0型电子加速器在半导体器件改性、宝石着色、环保三废处理、辐射化学合成、农业废弃物辐射降解、一次性医疗用品消毒、食品保鲜、药用植物辐照灭菌、水晶着色、辐照商品养护等应用效果 ,并与60 Co辐照加工进行比较 相似文献
46.
考虑梁的几何非线性动力问题,研究了其动力分析的中剪力和轴力相互影响的重要性,提出了剪力和轴力的相互影响是考虑系统非线性影响的关键。 相似文献
47.
在对给定的合成孔径雷达图像进行增强处理时 ,遇到的主要问题就是相位信息的丢失和对成像系统参数的一无所知。本文将波束锐化技术与合成孔径辐射方向性图的估计相结合 ,为处理此类数据提高图像的视在分辨率提供了一种方法。该处理过程由一个优化的有限冲激响应滤波器构成。滤波器的设计思想基于最小均方误差准则 ,系数对称分布 ,系数取值决定于原图像中孤立强散射点的方位向响应 ,因为此响应可以被近似视为成像系统的合成孔径辐射方向性图。点目标仿真表明雷达角分辨率能够提高近 2倍。实测数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性 相似文献
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低温等离子种子处理研究初报 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用低温等离子种子处理技术对大豆、玉米、番茄、甘蓝种子进行不同剂量的处理,观察对这些作物生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,在适宜剂量处理下,4种作物产量均有所提高,最高增产效果:大豆40.76%,玉米14.4%,番茄37.3%,甘蓝22.84%。处理剂量偏高或偏低时蔬菜作物表现出明显的减产趋势,而粮食作物则表现为不增产或增产不显著 相似文献